Course overview

System Design Interview

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1. The Interview & Building Blocks

What the interview tests + the framework
Requirements: functional & non-functional
The component vocabulary
Back-of-the-envelope estimation

2. Scaling Fundamentals

Vertical vs horizontal scaling
Load balancers & algorithms
Stateless services & sessions
CDNs & the edge

3. Data Storage & Databases

SQL vs NoSQL — choosing by access pattern
Replication & failover
Sharding & the shard key
CAP & consistency models

4. Caching & Asynchronous Processing

Caching: hit ratios & eviction
Cache-aside, invalidation & failure modes
Message queues & async work
Idempotency, retries & delivery

5. Designing Real Systems

API design, pagination & rate limiting
Case study: URL shortener
Case study: news feed (fan-out)
Case study: distributed rate limiter

6. Reliability & Interview Execution

Availability, redundancy & failure patterns
Metrics, logs, traces & the golden signals
Trade-offs & finding the bottleneck
A full interview, end to end

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System Design Interview

CAP & consistency models

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